This study guide contains over 4 hours and 30 minutes of recorded lecture topics and example problems that follow the material covered in chapter 8 of the textbook Chemistry, The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change by Silberberg. The topics covered include:
The periodic law and how it affects the arrangement of elements by atomic number.
The experimental reason for the spin quantum number and its two possible values.
How the Pauli exclusion principle applies to sub-shell filling in multi-electron atoms.
The influence of nuclear charge, shielding, and penetration on the splitting of sub-shell energies; determining the effective nuclear charge.
How the arrangement of elements in the periodic table is based on the order of sub-shell energies and electron configuration.
The filling of sub-shells in main-group and transition elements; the impact of Hund’s rule.
How outer electron configuration within a group influences the chemical behavior of its elements.
The distinction among inner, outer, and valence electrons
The meaning of atomic radius, ionization energy and electron affinity.
How the values of n and effective nuclear charge help explain the periodic trends of atomic size and ionization energy.
The role of core electrons in setting the pattern of successive ionization energies.
The physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals and why they differ.
How the vertical and horizontal trends in metallic behavior influence ion formation and oxide acid – base behavior.
Why main-group ions are usually isoelectronic with the nearest noble gas or have a pseudo–noble gas (sometimes inert pair) electron configuration
The reason why transition elements lose their ns electrons first.
How to predict paramagnetic and diamagnetic behavior of atoms and ions.
Size relationships among isoelectronic ions and trends in ionic size.
