We are asked to decide whether the President was acting within his constitutional power when he issued an order directing the Secretary of Commerce to take possession of and operate most of the Nations steel mills. The mill owners argue that the Presidents order amounts to lawmaking, a legislative function which the Constitution has expressly confided to the Congress and not to the President. The Governments position is that the order was made on findings of the President that his action was necessary to avert a national catastrophe which would inevitably result from a stoppage of steel production, and that in meeting this grave emergency the President was acting within the aggregate of his constitutional powers as the Nations Chief Executive and the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States. The issue emerges here from the following series of events:
