This book generalizes the discrete mathematics of decision making to the continuous mathematics required to model the firing and synthesis of neurons in the brain and nervous system. Making comparisons as we do in decision making is intrinsic in all of our biology and behavior, and at the atomistic level comparisons must also be made to coordinate the electrical and chemical workings of our neurons. This is not an intentional and forced attempt to use mathematical reasoning and the logic of mathematics to create fragmented models of how the brain works. There is much overlap between what we have here and the material of our earlier (2000) book on the brain. However, we try to clarify some of the concepts about the electrical flows in the neurons and structure of our brain. The discrete mathematics developed earlier was the basis for the election of the author to the National Academy of Engineering.
