Stephen Langdon (1876–1937), Professor of Assyriology at Oxford, edited and translated this 1919 collection of cuneiform tablets from the temple library of Nippur — the religious centre of southern Mesopotamia in the third millennium B.C. The book presents the oldest religious poems in any known language: lamentations to Innini, hymns to Sin, liturgies of Tammuz, and psalm-cycles to the great gods of the Sumerian pantheon.