Pigment spots are the third most common issue addressed by skincare specialists. Both young and elderly clients come with this complaint, many not for the first time. Therefore, specialists who can effectively resolve these problems will undoubtedly be in demand and achieve well-deserved recognition. This book provides complete and reliable information that will help you build a truly effective and safe program for treating pigmented lesions. The book consists of four parts. The first part describes the nature and mechanisms of pigmentation formation, both constitutive (fixed genetically) and facultative (caused by internal or external influences). The stages of melanogenesis, the current understanding of melanocyte physiology and melanin functions, and differences in skin types between people of different ethnic groups are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to factors influencing pigmentation: hormones, stress, inflammation, nutrients, and ultraviolet radiation. Moreover, "new" factors, such as visible light, infrared radiation, and air pollutants, are discussed clearly and comprehensively. This part concludes with a chapter on the evolution of pigmentation. All this information will give you an in-depth understanding of the nature of pigmentation lesions and, thus, the possibilities of effectively combating them. The second part presents clinical types of dyschromia and describes methods for assessing pigmentation. The third and largest part of the book is devoted to methods of pigmentation prevention and treatment available in skincare practice. Modern depigmenting and exfoliating cosmetic products and the dermal targets on which they act are discussed in detail. Also covered are outdated and dangerous ingredients that can still be found on the market. Separate sections are devoted to sunscreens and antioxidants because they are no less important than bleaching agents in the modern concept of working with pigmentation lesions. Furthermore, in this part, the possibilities of physical methods are discussed with a detailed description of lasers and IPL devices. These methods allow both pigment-producing and pigment-distributing cells of superficial and deep lesions to be targeted. Injection procedures are also touched upon, focusing on their real possibilities and risks, as well as nutraceuticals for skin lightening with proven effectiveness. The last, fourth part, is devoted to treating vitiligo as the most common variant of hypomelanosis. Many different methods and approaches are used for its treatment, which is also relevant for other acquired pathologies associated with loss of pigment or melanocyte function. The book is intended for aestheticians, skincare specialists, dermatologists, specialists in aesthetic medicine, students at medical schools, and all interested persons.
