This book examines 89 modern insurgency cases to test conventional understanding about how insurgencies end. While no two insurgencies are exactly the same, the authors find that modern insurgencies last about ten years; withdrawal of state support cripples insurgencies; civil defense forces are useful for both sides; pseudodemocracies fare poorly against insurgents; and governments win more often in the long run. These findings should be of interest to policymakers, analysts, and all those interested in international security and conflict resolution.