The book of numbers (from greek ἀριθμοί, arithmoi; hebrew: בְּמִדְבַּר, bəmīḏbar, "in the desert [of]"), also known as the fourth book of moses, is the fourth book of the hebrew bible, and the fourth of five books of the jewish torah. the book has a long and complex history; its final form is possibly due to a priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a yahwistic source made some time in the early persian period (5th century bce).[3] the name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the israelites.