A proposito di Rousseau by David Hume

A proposito di Rousseau

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  • Genre Philosophy
  • Publisher Rubbettino Editore
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  • Size 960.25 kB
  • Length 140 Pages

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Una delle pagine più belle della vita di David Hume è costituita dal suo soggiorno a Parigi, dopo la guerra dei Sette Anni. Ha accompagnato Lord Hertford, ambasciatore presso la corte di Francia, ricoprendo dapprima la carica di segretario d’ambasciata e poi, per alcuni mesi, quella di incaricato d’affari. Hume ha avuto una trionfale accoglienza da parte degli Enciclopedisti, in particolare da d’Alembert e d’Holbach. Intanto, dopo essere stato espulso dalla Francia, Rousseau era costretto ad abbandonare anche il territorio elvetico. Su pressioni di varie personalità dell’epoca, Hume accetta di procurare al ginevrino un asilo in Inghilterra. E i due partono assieme nei primi giorni di gennaio del 1766 per Londra. Dai convenevoli che reciprocamente si rivolgono, sembra che le cose debbano andare nel migliore dei modi. Ma presto, a seguito della pubblicazione di una lettera di scherno scritta da Horace Walpole in danno di Rousseau, e pubblicata in Francia e in Inghilterra, i rapporti giungono a una completa rottura. L’opinione pubblica di Londra, Parigi, Berlino e delle principali città elvetiche si appassiona alla faccenda. Hume, consigliato da d’Alembert e d’Holbach, predispone un “resoconto”, che esce dapprima in Francia e subito dopo in Inghilterra, da cui emergono chiaramente le diverse personalità dei due protagonisti. La vicenda assume tuttavia un valore ancora maggiore: perché serve contestualmente a gettare luce sull’insanabile contrapposizione politico-culturale, spesso ignorata o taciuta, che separava Rousseau, oltre che da Hume, dai principali esponenti dell’Illuminismo francese. Le lettere di d’Alembert, d’Holbach e Voltaire, raccolte in appendice al volume, ne sono significativa testimonianza.

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